Aula do curso de inglês instrumental 

Data: 06/07/2013

Local: EGOV (PMCG)

Professora: Mari Inês

Técnicas de Leitura

As técnicas de leitura, como o próprio nome diz, vão nos ajudar a ler um texto. Existem técnicas variadas, mas veremos as mais utilizadas. Ao ler um texto em Inglês, lembre-se de usar as técnicas aprendidas, elas vão ajudá-lo. O uso da gramática vai ajudar também. As principais técnicas são: a identificação de cognatos, de palavras repetidas e de pistas tipográficas. Ao lermos um texto vamos, ainda, apurar a idéia geral do texto (general comprehension) e utilizar duas outras técnicas bastante úteis: skimming e scanning.

a) Cognatos

Os cognatos são palavras muito parecidas com as palavras do Português. São as chamadas palavras transparentes. Existem também os falsos cognatos, que são palavras que achamos que é tal coisa, mas não é; os falsos cognatos são em menor número, estes nós veremos adiante. Como cognatos podemos citar: school (escola), telephone (telefone), car (carro),

question (questão, pergunta), activity (atividade), training (treinamento)... Você mesmo poderá criar sua própria lista de cognatos!

Tente preencher o quadro seguinte:

English	Português
-al	-al
animal
hospital
moral
-ty		-dade
capacity
eternity
flexibility

-ism		-ismo, isma
atheism
criticism
feminism
-ist	-ista
dentist
humorist
tourist
-ary		-ário, ária
adversary
arbitrary
contrary
-ic		-ico, ica
economic
metallic
pacific
-ible, able		-ível, ável
accessible
admirable
convertible

Devemos prestar também atenção aos falsos cognatos, veja os seguintes exemplos:

Palavra em inglês	Falso cognato em português	Significado real
anthem	antena	hino
ingenious	ingênuo	engenhoso
pregnant	impregnada	grávida; prenha
spectacles	espetáculos	óculos
actually	atualmente	na verdade; realmente
alias	aliás	pseudônimo; apelido
advert	advertir	menção; propaganda; anúncio
appoint	apontar	nomear
argument	argumento	discussão; debate
assign	assinar	atribuir; designar

Palavras repetidas

As palavras repetidas em um texto possuem um valor muito importante. Um autor não repete as palavras em vão. Se elas são repetidas, é porque são importantes dentro de texto. Muitas vezes para não repetir o mesmo termo, o autor utiliza sinônimos das mesmas palavras para não tornar o texto cansativo.

Leia o texto e verifique as palavras que se repetem:

Why does everybody study English? What makes it a global language? 

    English is the language that facilitates communication in thousands of individual contacts made daily all over the world. It is used in air, land and sea communication, in information technology, sports, TV, movies, science, politics, music… English is necessary to surf and chat on the Internet, to e-mail people around the world, to read international book, magazines, announcements, ads, song lyrics, instructions, manuals, scientific journals etc. The following graph shows the use of English all over the world.

Pistas tipográficas

As pistas tipográficas são elementos visuais que nos auxiliam na compreensão do texto. Atenção com datas, números, tabelas, gráficas, figuras... São informações também contidas no texto. Os recursos de escrita também são pistas tipográficas.

Por exemplo:

· ... (três pontos) indicam a continuação de uma ideia que não está ali exposta;

· negrito dá destaque a algum termo ou palavra;

· itálico também destaca um termo, menos importante que o negrito;

· ‘’ ‘’ (aspas) salientam a importância de alguma palavra;

· () (parênteses) introduzem uma ideia complementar ao texto.

Manias and OCD (Obssessive Compulsive Disorder)

Test
Try to answer honestly to this test and make a self reflection about your manias. There’s no right answer for it, but you can find out more about you just thinking deeply about yourself.

Question 1

Do you feel driven to collect certain types of objects that have little or no use, and feel unable to throw them away?

a) No, this doesn't apply to me

b) Sometimes, but only occasionally

c) Yes, quite often

Question 2

Have you frequently experienced thoughts or images in your mind of natural disasters or horrific violence?

Examples

• Irrationally having a recurring fear that an earthquake will strike.
• Repeatedly playing imagery in your head of physical torture or violent war scenes.

a)	No, this doesn't apply to me
b)	Sometimes, but only occasionally
c)	Yes, quite often

Question 3

Do you feel an overwhelming and persistent sense of fear and anxiety about being contaminated or infected by germs, bacteria or dirt?

Examples

• Feeling disgusted by making physical contact with other people, such as shaking hands
• Being unable to touch door handles in public-buildings or use public transport

a)	No, this doesn't apply to me
b)	Sometimes, but only occasionally
c)	Yes, quite often

Question 4

Do you often worry about losing a particular personal belonging, a possession that is important to you?

Examples

• Always clasping a piece of jewellery to your body, for fear of dropping it.
• Needing to regularly check that a family photo-album is in fact where you left it.

a)	No, this doesn't apply to me
b)	Sometimes, but only occasionally
c)	Yes, quite often

Question 5

Are you often late for social events or appointments because of excessive personal-grooming routines?

Examples

• Feeling compelled to adhere to a strict, lengthy regime for applying make-up and styling hair before being able to leave the house for work.
• Excessively straightening your tie and collar whilst on the way to a dinner engagement, and being constantly concerned that it is out of place.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 6

Do you often think about or experience images in your mind of unacceptable sexual thoughts, including criminal and inhumane acts?

Examples

• Experiencing visions in your mind of forced or violent sex.
• Repeated thoughts of sex involving humiliation or degradation of one partner.
•  

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 7

Do you repeatedly check whether appliances are turned off, or keep rechecking that doors and windows are locked?

Examples

• Repeatedly checking the stove is switched off over.
• Checking the front and back door are locked several times before going to bed.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 8

Do you often feel driven to count and quantify groups of objects, or your possessions?

Examples

• Subconsciously counting the number of items stacked on a supermarket shelf.
• Counting the amount of tiles on the floor as you are walk down a corridor.

a)	No, this doesn't apply to me
b)	Sometimes, but only occasionally
c)	Yes, quite often

Question 9

Do you feel uncomfortable or have negative associations with a particular color?

Examples

• Experiencing discomfort or strain when entering a room with walls painted with a certain color.
• Feeling like any of your possessions that contain a certain color are unlucky.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 10

Do you experience constant religious-based fears, or excessively practise religious rituals and rites?

Examples

• Being unable to restrain yourself from constantly repeating religious verses or praying.
• An excessive and irrational fear of committing even very minor sins.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 11

Do you often feel like your skin is unclean or infected with germs, and feel a urgent need to shower?

Examples

• Washing your hand multiple times each hour, and feeling repulsed by touching other people's skin.
• Having several showers each day, even to the point where your skins becomes dry and irritated.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often
Question 12

Do you feel uncomfortable with uneven numbers generally, or seeing groups of objects in odd-numbered multiples?

Examples

• Avoiding purchasing food-packages from the supermarket in odd-numbered multiples.
• Feeling like you have to remove a can of soda from a packet to even the remaining number.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 13

Do you feel driven to repeatedly clean your bedroom or house to the point where your friends and family consider it excessive?

Examples

• Wiping the kitchen benches over and over, and feeling concerned if anyone prepares food on them.
• Dusting your house multiple times each day, including rooms where people aren't likely to enter.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often
Question 14

Do you routinely worry about personal security without reasonable cause - of being robbed or physically attacked?

Examples

• Often fearing your home to be broken into and robbed while you are at work.
• Frequently checking your pockets because you feel like your wallet has been stolen.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 15

Do you often feel compelled to organize and reposition objects in a certain order, or to arrange your possessions in similar patterns?

Examples

• Constantly feeling like you need to straighten furniture in your house.
• Always taking care to evenly space groceries in the pantry, and have face them facing the same way.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 16

Do you seem to have a persistent fear of infecting other people with a disease or illness?

Examples

• Having to cover your mouth public spaces to prevent germs spreading.
• An anxious concern that you may infect a partner with a STD without ever having been diagnosed with it.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 17

Do you have recurring thoughts or images of yourself or someone you know suffering a serious injury, or death?

Examples

• Often picturing yourself falling from a building rooftop.
• Constantly worrying that a family member will die in a car accident.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

Question 18

Are you always abandoning and restarting work or writing mid-way through, because it is messy or you feel it's quality is inadequate?

Examples

• Often taking several attempts to fill out a written application form.
• Repeatedly deleting your progress in writing a simple email, and rewriting it from the start.

	a)No, this doesn't apply to me
	b)Sometimes, but only occasionally
	c)Yes, quite often

TRAVELING

Age: Youth & Old Age

Questions

• Does age make you more aware of and caring for others?
• Do you think that any of the age limits need changing?
• Some people say that men never grow up, they just get bigger. Do you agree? Explain your opinion.
• Many countries are facing the problem of an "aging population", i.e. there will soon be more old people than young people. What problems will this cause? What can be done to prepare for them?
• Some people say that youth is a state of mind, do you agree?

Estude em Londres!!!

PROMOÇÃO ESPECIAL PARA CONTRATOS ASSINADOS ATÉ 25/08/2012

• 4 semanas de curso de inglês – 15 horas semanais – período matutino;
• 4 semanas de acomodação em residência estudantil;
• Transfer de carro no aeroporto de Londres no dia da chegada do aluno;
• Dicas de viagem incluindo documentação necessária para a viagem.

O valor total do pacote é R$ 3.650,00.

Be ALWAYS polite!

How to pronounce the "TH" sound.

SIMPLE PRESENT

O presente simples pode ser usado para expressar:

1- uma ação habitual, ou seja, aquilo que costumamos fazer sempre:

I always leave home at 7:00. (Eu sempre saio de casa às 7h).
They generally have lunch at the shopping mall. (Eles geralmente almoçam no shopping).
I never work on Sundays. (Eu nunca trabalho aos domingos).



2- uma verdade universal:


Babies cry. (Bebês choram).
Dogs bark. (Cachorros latem).
Birds sing. (Pássaros cantam).

O“do” e o “does” são os dois auxiliares do presente simples, e eles sempre devem ser usados em frases negativas e interrogativas, conforme a tabela abaixo:

Negativas	Interrogativas
I do not / I don’t	Do I …?
You do not / you don’t	Do you …?
He does not / he doesn’t	Does he….?
She does not / she doesn’t	Does she…?
It does not / it doesn’t	Does it…?
We do not / we don’t	Do we…?
You do not/ you don’t	Do you …?
They do not / they don’t	Do they...?

FONTE:http://www.brasilescola.com/ingles/simple-present.htm

Este texto não é muito novo no aprendizado de língua inglesa, mas ainda é bastante eficaz. 

1 1) Leia o texto e tente completar os espaços da respectiva tradução do texto abaixo:

                                                     The little girl and the Wolf

One afternoon a big wolf waited in a dark forest for a little girl to come along carrying a basket of food to her grandmother. Finally a little girl did come along and she was carrying a basket of food. 'Are you carrying that basket to your grandmother?' asked the wolf. The little girl said yes, she was. So the wolf asked her where her grandmother lived and the little girl told him and he disappeared into the wood.

When the little girl opened the door of her grandmother's house she saw that there was somebody in bed with a nightcap and a night gown on. She had approached no nearer than twenty-five feet from the bed when she saw that it was not her grandmother but the wolf, for even in a nightcap a wolf does not look any more like your grandmother. So the little girl took an automatic out of her basket and shot the wolf dead.

Moral: It is not so easy to fool little girls nowadays as it used to be.
Author: James Thurber

                                                                                 A menininha e o lobo

Uma __________, um grande _________ esperou em uma __________ escura por uma _____________  vindo  com uma cesta de______________  para sua ____________.Finalmente, uma menina __________e ela estava carregando uma cesta de _____________. "Você está carregando essa _________para sua avó?" perguntou o _________. A menina disse que _______, ela estava. Então, o lobo perguntou-lhe onde sua avó ____________ e a menina disse-lhe e ele __________ na mata.

Quando a ___________ abriu a _________ da casa de sua avó, ela viu que havia alguém na ___________ com uma touca e pijama de dormir. Ela se ___________ não mais perto do que __________ pés da cama, quando ela viu que não era sua ______e sim o lobo, pois mesmo em uma touca, um lobo não ____________ como a sua avó. Então, a menina ____________ uma _____________ de sua cesta e disparou contra o ________, matando-o.

Moral da história: Não é tão _________ enganar as ________ hoje em dia como  costumava _____.